Compound characterization data — Mansouri et al., 2026

Mohaddeseh Mansouri, Kasra Razmkhah, Mary A. Egbuta, Arezoo Khodaei, Bukola R. Aremu, Mahasin Al-Shabi, Oluwole S. Aremu, Sara Hassanzadehroknabadi, Jonathan Simone, John F. Trant. “Natural product maceration is more complicated than you think: a comparative analysis of bioactive molecules in highly concentrated extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus and Cordyceps sp. mushrooms.” ChemRxiv (2026). https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15007411/v2

Lion’s mane mushroom extracts, water then ethanol
β-glucan (g/100g), water	1.83 ± 0.03
β-glucan (g/100g), ethanol	1.02 ± 0.12
β-glucan (g/100g), total	2.85 ± 0.15
Ergosterol (µg/mL), water	0
Ergosterol (µg/mL), ethanol	153.5 ± 8.5
Ergosterol (µg/mL), total	153.5 ± 8.5
Protein (mg/mL), water	0.012 ± 0.01
Protein (mg/mL), ethanol	0.88 ± 0.03
Protein (mg/mL), total	0.89 ± 0.04

Lion’s mane mushroom extracts, ethanol then water
β-glucan (g/100g), ethanol	1.53 ± 0.07
β-glucan (g/100g), water	2.12 ± 0.1
β-glucan (g/100g), total	3.65 ± 0.08
Ergosterol (µg/mL), ethanol	141.8 ± 12.07
Ergosterol (µg/mL), water	0
Ergosterol (µg/mL), total	141.8 ± 12.1
Protein (mg/mL), ethanol	0.56 ± 0.03
Protein (mg/mL), water	0.21 ± 0.02
Protein (mg/mL), total	0.77 ± 0.05

Reishi mushroom extracts, water then ethanol
β-glucan (g/100g), water	2.13 ± 0.01
β-glucan (g/100g), ethanol	3.76 ± 0.05
β-glucan (g/100g), total	5.89 ± 0.06
Ergosterol (µg/mL), water	0.25 ± 0.04
Ergosterol (µg/mL), ethanol	76.41 ± 4.56
Ergosterol (µg/mL), total	76.66 ± 4.60
Protein (mg/mL), water	1.22 ± 0.008
Protein (mg/mL), ethanol	1 ± 0.01
Protein (mg/mL), total	2.22 ± 0.02

Reishi mushroom extracts, ethanol then water
β-glucan (g/100g), ethanol	3.63 ± 0.04
β-glucan (g/100g), water	4.18 ± 0.1
β-glucan (g/100g), total	7.81 ± 0.05
Ergosterol (µg/mL), ethanol	99.5 ± 2.2
Ergosterol (µg/mL), water	2.7 ± 0.5
Ergosterol (µg/mL), total	102.2 ± 2.7
Protein (mg/mL), ethanol	0.46 ± 0.003
Protein (mg/mL), water	0.67 ± 0.007
Protein (mg/mL), total	1.13 ± 0.01

Cordyceps mushroom extracts, water then ethanol
β-glucan (g/100g), water	0.12 ± 0.08
β-glucan (g/100g), ethanol	0.24 ± 0.01
β-glucan (g/100g), total	0.36 ± 0.09
Ergosterol (µg/mL), water	1.02 ± 0.01
Ergosterol (µg/mL), ethanol	8.115 ± 0.25
Ergosterol (µg/mL), total	9.14 ± 0.26
Protein (mg/mL), water	0.22 ± 0.01
Protein (mg/mL), ethanol	0.3 ± 0.02
Protein (mg/mL), total	0.52 ± 0.03

Cordyceps mushroom extracts, ethanol then water
β-glucan (g/100g), ethanol	0.39 ± 0.15
β-glucan (g/100g), water	1.16 ± 0.46
β-glucan (g/100g), total	1.55 ± 0.61
Ergosterol (µg/mL), ethanol	15.330 ± 1.1
Ergosterol (µg/mL), water	0.62 ± 0.095
Ergosterol (µg/mL), total	15.95 ± 1.2
Protein (mg/mL), ethanol	0.27 ± 0.01
Protein (mg/mL), water	0.43 ± 0.07
Protein (mg/mL), total	0.70 ± 0.08

Lion’s mane mushroom powder
TGA, weight loss by 100 °C	5 %
TGA graph annotation near 100 °C	4.9 %
TGA, first mass-loss event	Approximately 45 °C
TGA, subsequent mass-loss events	The majority at 240 °C, a small amount at 300 °C, and a third event at 458 °C
TGA, first-derivative peak temperatures	43.59 °C, 238.93 °C, 457.66 °C
TGA graph annotation at 600 °C	8.4 %
TGA recorded temperature range	Ambient (≈22 °C) to 600 °C

Lion’s mane 1-to-10 solid-to-solvent water-assisted extraction
Measurement interval	Every 20 minutes
Protein concentration plateau	Immediately
β-glucan concentration peak	60 minutes
β-glucan concentration after peak	A sharp decrease to very low levels

Reishi 1-to-10 solid-to-solvent water-assisted extraction
Measurement interval	Every 20 minutes
Protein concentration plateau	Within 60 minutes
β-glucan concentration peak	60 minutes
β-glucan concentration after peak	A sharp decrease to very low levels

Cordyceps 1-to-10 solid-to-solvent water-assisted extraction
Measurement interval	Every 20 minutes
Protein concentration saturation	140 minutes
β-glucan concentration peak	80 minutes
β-glucan concentration after peak	A sharp decrease to very low levels

Reishi mushroom powder
TGA, weight loss by 100 °C	10 %
TGA, first mass-loss event	Approximately 45 °C
TGA, subsequent mass-loss events	305 °C with a smaller additional loss closer to 500 °C
TGA, first-derivative peak temperatures	47.85 °C, 305.36 °C, 497.9 °C
TGA graph annotation at 600 °C	2.85 %
TGA recorded temperature range	Ambient (≈22 °C) to 600 °C

Cordyceps mushroom powder
TGA	Barely affected by heating to 100 °C
TGA, thermal stability	Up to 300 °C
TGA, mass-loss event	Essentially all the mass in a single event at 300 °C
TGA, first-derivative peak temperature	307.01 °C
TGA graph annotation at 600 °C	21 %
TGA recorded temperature range	Ambient (≈22 °C) to 600 °C

Reishi tincture, A Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	5.6 ± 0.9
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	1.0 ± 0.3
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	0.23

Reishi tincture, B Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	6 ± 1
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	0.9 ± 0.1
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	0.97

Reishi tincture, C Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	0.9 ± 0.3
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	1.5 ± 0.1
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	32.12

Reishi tincture, E. Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	0.4 ± 0.2
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	0.008 ± 0.001
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	24.83

Reishi capsule, E. Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	3.1 ± 0.6
Measured soluble proteins (mg/g of capsule)	0.3 ± 0.1
Measured ergosterol (mg/capsule*; monoplicate)	0.014*
Measured ergosterol unit (*)	Concentration is provided in the form of mg/capsule rather than a mass percentage, as this is what is claimed by the producers

Reishi extract described in this article, 1:5
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	9.1 ± 0.6
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	0.73 ± 0.01
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL)	104 ± 3

Reishi extract described in this article, 1:1 Rotovap
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	3.83 ± 0.07
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	3 ± 1
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	504

Reishi extract described in this article, 1:1 Consecutive
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	0.153 ± 0.001
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	2.5 ± 0.9
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL)	194 ± 8

Lion’s mane capsule, D Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	39.01
Measured soluble proteins (mg/g of capsule)	0.17 ± 0.01
Measured ergosterol (mg/capsule*)	0.010 ± 0.001*
Measured ergosterol unit (*)	Concentration is provided in the form of mg/capsule rather than a mass percentage, as this is what is claimed by the producers

Lion’s mane extract described in this article, 1:5
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	5.8 ± 0.2
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	0.99 ± 0.01
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL)	320 ± 10

Lion’s mane extract described in this article, 1:1 Rotovap
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	3.4 ± 0.3
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	4 ± 1
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	500

Lion’s mane extract described in this article, 1:1 Consecutive
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	3.29 ± 0.06
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	5.99 ± 0.05
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL)	262 ± 8

Cordyceps tincture, B Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	2.5 ± 0.5
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	2.6 ± 0.6
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	0.05

Cordyceps tincture, C Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	2.3 ± 0.5
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	2.9 ± 0.4
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	89.31

Cordyceps capsule, E Inc
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	64.0 ± 0.7
Measured soluble proteins (mg/g of capsule)	0.01 ± 0.01
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL or mg/capsule*; monoplicate)	~0.001

Cordyceps extract described in this article, 1:5
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	6.6 ± 0.2
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	0.590 ± 0.005
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL)	20 ± 2

Cordyceps extract described in this article, 1:1 Rotovap
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	3.6 ± 0.5
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	3.3 ± 0.8
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL; monoplicate)	1380

Cordyceps extract described in this article, 1:1 Consecutive
Measured β-glucan concentration (g/100g)	3.9 ± 0.3
Measured soluble proteins (mg/mL)	5.9 ± 0.2
Measured ergosterol (µg/mL)	6.7 ± 0.7