| XRD | Detectable crystalline oxide features were not observed |
|---|---|
| XPS, O 1s | One characteristic peak was observed at 531.8 eV |
| XPS, Bi 4f | Metallic Bi was identified at 157.1 and 162.4 eV, while oxidized Bi3+ species were observed at 159.5 and 164.8 eV. The oxidized Bi component accounted for 99.3 % of the fitted Bi 4f peak area |
Omer Shinnawy et al. “Bismuth electrode utilization in chloride-mediated electrochemical carbon capture.” ChemRxiv (). https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15007572/v1
| Cyclic voltammetry, 2 mV s⁻¹, 0.50 M NaCl | A single dominant oxidation peak at approximately 0.18 V, followed by a major reduction peak at approximately −1.04 V |
|---|---|
| Cyclic voltammetry, 2 mV s⁻¹, 0.33 M Na2SO4 | A broad oxidation response with two small peaks at approximately −0.02 V and 0.24 V, followed by reduction peaks at approximately −0.57 and −0.85 V |
| Cyclic voltammetry, 2 mV s⁻¹, 0.25 and 0.50 M NaCl | The oxidation peak shifted from approximately 0.25 to 0.15 V, and the reduction peak shifted from approximately −1.27 to −1.17 V |
| XRD, before air exposure | Metallic Bi peaks at 38.10° and 39.72° and a BiOCl peak at 12.02° |
|---|---|
| XRD, after 24 h air exposure | The diffraction peaks shifted to lower 2θ values by an average of 0.14°. No shift was observed for the BiOCl peak at 12.02° |