| SEM | Pristine LMTO particles exhibited a single-crystalline morphology with a relatively uniform particle-size distribution from 0.5 to 2 µm; CNTs were uniformly distributed over 5CNT-PLMTO and 3CNT-PLMTO particles, forming an interconnected conductive network; clear CNT decoration on each individual LMTO particle was observed for 2CNT-PLMTO |
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| XRD | The CNT-decoration process did not alter the crystal structure of LMTO |
Venkata Sai Avvaru, Tucker Holstun, Joseph Vazquez Mercado, Yanbao Fu, Bernardine L.D. Rinkel, Seonghun Jeong, Finn Babbe, Harshita Lohani, Andrea Giunto, Subhadip Mallick, Vincent Battaglia, Bryan D. McCloskey, Qingsong Howard Tu, Gerbrand Ceder, Haegyeom Kim. “Achieving high active material loading for Co- and Ni-free cathodes for lithium-ion batteries through conductive network integration.” ChemRxiv (). https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15007802/v1
Values presented only in powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FIB-SEM, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy plots or images were not transcribed. The main paper refers to supporting information, but no separate supporting information file was found among the files available from the ChemRxiv record
| Cross-sectional FIB-SEM | 20C65-LMTO exhibited a heterogeneous cross-sectional morphology in which LMTO particles were dispersed within a continuous carbon-binder-rich matrix containing substantial non-active regions and pores; 3CNT-PLMTO displayed a homogeneous and densely packed particle distribution with limited interparticle pores |
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| Segmentation analysis | LMTO particle coverage was estimated as 96.0 ± 1.2 % for 3CNT-PLMTO and 44.1 ± 3.1 % for 20C65-LMTO |
| Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, first cycle | Both electrodes exhibited negligible O₂ evolution; CO₂ evolution was approximately 42 µmol per gram of LMTO for 20C65-LMTO and approximately 11 µmol per gram of LMTO for 2CNT-PLMTO |
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| O 1s XPS after 100 cycles | 2CNT-PLMTO exhibited a relatively stronger M-O peak at approximately 529.8 eV than 20C65-LMTO; fitted lattice M-O contributions were approximately 21 % for 2CNT-PLMTO and approximately 12 % for 20C65-LMTO; oxygenated/carbonate-related surface components were approximately 32 % for 2CNT-PLMTO and 37 % for 20C65-LMTO; 20C65-LMTO showed a stronger signal at approximately 533.1 eV |
| SEM after 100 cycles at 20 mA g⁻¹ | 20C65-LMTO exhibited clear partial electrode disintegration and large gaps between LMTO particles and the carbon/binder matrix; 2CNT-PLMTO largely preserved its electrode morphology, with small gaps in some regions and CNT coating remaining attached to the LMTO particles |